Hapetustasapainoon

Hapetustasapainoon is an Estonian term that translates to "acid-base balance" in English. It refers to the physiological process that maintains a stable and narrow range of pH in the body's fluids, particularly the blood. This balance is crucial for the proper functioning of enzymes and overall cellular metabolism.

The body maintains hapetustasapainoon through a complex interplay of buffer systems, the respiratory system, and the renal system. Buffer systems, such as bicarbonate, phosphate, and proteins, act as chemical sponges, absorbing excess acids or bases to prevent drastic pH changes. The respiratory system regulates carbon dioxide levels, a key component in the bicarbonate buffer system, by adjusting breathing rate. The kidneys play a vital role by excreting excess acids or bases in the urine, a slower but more potent mechanism for long-term pH control.

Disruptions to hapetustasapainoon can lead to either acidosis (pH below the normal range) or alkalosis (pH above the normal range). These imbalances can arise from various medical conditions, including respiratory disorders, kidney disease, metabolic issues, or severe dehydration. Maintaining hapetustasapainoon is a continuous and dynamic process essential for life.