Haloacetílicos

Haloacetílicos are a group of disinfection byproducts (DBPs) that can form during the disinfection of drinking water. They are primarily generated when disinfectants like chlorine or ozone react with organic matter present in the raw water. The most common haloacetílicos are brominated and chlorinated forms, such as dichloroacetic acid (DCAA) and dibromoacetic acid (DBAA).

The formation of haloacetílicos is a significant concern in water treatment because some members of this group have been associated with potential health risks. Studies have indicated that certain haloacetílicos may have carcinogenic or reproductive effects in laboratory animals, leading to their regulation in many countries. Regulatory bodies establish maximum contaminant levels (MCLs) for total haloacetílicos or specific compounds to protect public health.

Effective water treatment strategies aim to minimize the formation of haloacetílicos. This can involve optimizing disinfectant dosage and contact time, removing organic precursors from the raw water before disinfection (e.g., through coagulation, sedimentation, and filtration), or using alternative disinfection methods that produce fewer DBPs. Monitoring haloacetílico levels in treated water is a crucial part of ensuring water quality and compliance with health standards.