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HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) and HTTPS (Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure) are fundamental protocols used for transmitting data over the internet. HTTP is the original protocol, designed to enable communication between web browsers and web servers. It operates over port 80 and uses a request-response model, where a client sends a request to a server, which then responds with the requested data.

HTTPS, on the other hand, is an extension of HTTP that adds a layer of security. It uses Transport Layer Security (TLS) or its predecessor, Secure Sockets Layer (SSL), to encrypt the data transmitted between the client and server. This encryption ensures that the data is protected from eavesdropping and tampering, making HTTPS essential for secure communication, especially for sensitive information such as login credentials and financial transactions.

The primary difference between HTTP and HTTPS lies in their security features. HTTP transmits data in plaintext, making it vulnerable to interception and manipulation. In contrast, HTTPS encrypts the data, providing a higher level of security. Additionally, HTTPS includes mechanisms for verifying the identity of the server, preventing man-in-the-middle attacks.

The use of HTTPS has become increasingly important as the internet has evolved. Many websites now require HTTPS to protect user data and maintain trust. Browsers also use HTTPS as a ranking factor, favoring secure websites in their search results. As a result, the adoption of HTTPS has grown significantly, with most major websites now using HTTPS by default.