Hüpotüreoidism

Hypothyroidism, also known as underactive thyroid, is a condition in which the thyroid gland does not produce enough thyroid hormones. These hormones are essential for regulating metabolism, growth, and development. Symptoms can vary widely and may include fatigue, weight gain, feeling cold, constipation, dry skin, and hair loss. In children, severe hypothyroidism can lead to impaired growth and intellectual disability if left untreated.

The most common cause of hypothyroidism is Hashimoto's thyroiditis, an autoimmune disease where the body's immune system attacks the thyroid gland. Other causes can include thyroid surgery, radiation therapy to the neck, certain medications, and iodine deficiency. Diagnosis is typically made through blood tests that measure thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and thyroid hormone levels.

Treatment for hypothyroidism usually involves thyroid hormone replacement therapy, most commonly with levothyroxine. This medication is taken daily and helps to restore normal thyroid hormone levels in the body. With proper treatment, most individuals with hypothyroidism can manage their condition effectively and lead normal lives. Regular monitoring by a healthcare provider is important to ensure the correct dosage of medication.