Gyomornedv

Gyomornedv, or gastric juice in English, is a digestive fluid produced by glands in the mucosa of the stomach. It is a complex solution that includes hydrochloric acid, digestive enzymes, mucus, water, and electrolytes. The major enzymatic components are pepsinogen, secreted by chief cells, which is activated to pepsin in the acidic environment, and gastric lipase. Parietal cells secrete hydrochloric acid and intrinsic factor; surface mucous cells and mucous neck cells secrete mucus and bicarbonate to protect the mucosa.

Functions of gyomornedv include creating an acidic environment that denatures proteins and provides optimal conditions for pepsin activity, thus initiating protein digestion. Pepsin cleaves peptide bonds to produce smaller peptides, and gastric lipase aids fat digestion. Intrinsic factor is essential for vitamin B12 absorption in the ileum. The mucus and bicarbonate-rich layer protects the stomach lining from self-digestion and helps lubricate the contents as they move through the stomach.

Secretion of gyomornedv is regulated by neural, hormonal, and paracrine mechanisms. Cephalic and gastric phases, mediated by the vagus nerve and acetylcholine, stimulate secretion; gastrin released by G cells increases acid production; histamine from enterochromaffin-like cells enhances acid secretion; somatostatin from D cells inhibits it. A negative feedback loop lowers gastrin release as the pH becomes very acidic.

Clinical relevance of gyomornedv includes its role in gastritis, peptic ulcers, and gastroesophageal reflux disease. Hypersecretion occurs in conditions such as Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, while insufficient intrinsic factor can cause pernicious anemia. Diagnostic assessments may include measurements of gastric pH, pepsin activity, or pepsinogen levels to evaluate gastric function.