Gregoriánská

Gregoriánská refers to something related to Pope Gregory XIII or the Gregorian calendar. The Gregorian calendar is the most widely used calendar system in the world today. It was introduced in 1582 by Pope Gregory XIII as a reform of the Julian calendar, which had been in use since Roman times. The primary reason for the reform was that the Julian calendar was slightly inaccurate, leading to a drift in the date of Easter and other important religious observances.

The Gregorian calendar corrected this inaccuracy by introducing a more precise rule for leap years. In the Julian calendar, a leap year occurs every four years without exception. The Gregorian calendar maintains the leap year every four years but adds an exception: years divisible by 100 are not leap years unless they are also divisible by 400. For example, 1700, 1800, and 1900 were not leap years, but 1600 and 2000 were. This adjustment brought the calendar year much closer to the actual solar year.

The implementation of the Gregorian calendar was not immediate or universal. Catholic countries adopted it relatively quickly, but Protestant and Orthodox countries resisted for centuries due to religious and political reasons. Great Britain and its colonies, for instance, did not adopt it until 1752. The term "Gregoriánská" can therefore refer to the calendar itself, or to anything associated with its adoption and implementation.