Granulomy

Granulomy refers to a specific type of inflammatory reaction in the body characterized by the formation of granulomas. Granulomas are microscopic collections of immune cells, primarily macrophages, that differentiate into epithelioid cells. These epithelioid cells are surrounded by a rim of lymphocytes, and sometimes plasma cells or multinucleated giant cells, which are fused macrophages. Granulomas are a common feature of certain chronic inflammatory conditions and serve as a defense mechanism by walling off persistent irritants.

The formation of granulomas is typically triggered by substances that the immune system cannot easily eliminate, such as certain microorganisms (like *Mycobacterium tuberculosis* or *Mycobacterium leprae*), foreign bodies, or antigens released by diseased cells. The immune response involves the recruitment of macrophages to the site of the irritant. These macrophages then transform into epithelioid cells, forming the characteristic granuloma structure. This process aims to contain the inciting agent and prevent its spread.

Conditions associated with granulomy include sarcoidosis, tuberculosis, Crohn's disease, and certain fungal infections. The diagnosis of granulomy is usually made through a biopsy of the affected tissue, where microscopic examination reveals the characteristic granuloma formation. Treatment depends on the underlying cause of the granuloma formation and may involve addressing the specific infection or inflammatory process.