Granulocyta

Granulocytes are a type of white blood cell that play a crucial role in the body's immune response. They are characterized by the presence of granules in their cytoplasm, which contain enzymes and other substances that help them destroy pathogens. Granulocytes are further classified into three main types: neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils.

Neutrophils are the most abundant type of granulocyte and are the first responders to infections. They are highly mobile and can quickly migrate to sites of infection. Neutrophils have a nucleus that is segmented into three to five lobes, giving them their name. They are equipped with phagocytic capabilities, allowing them to engulf and destroy bacteria and other pathogens.

Eosinophils are less common than neutrophils but are important in the immune response to parasitic infections and in allergic reactions. They contain granules that release substances like major basic protein, which can damage the membranes of parasites. Eosinophils also play a role in the body's response to allergies and asthma.

Basophils are the least common type of granulocyte and are involved in the body's response to allergies and in the regulation of inflammation. They contain granules that release histamine and other mediators, which can cause vasodilation and increased vascular permeability, leading to inflammation.

Granulocytes are produced in the bone marrow and are released into the bloodstream. They have a relatively short lifespan, typically lasting only a few days. When their function is complete, granulocytes are removed from the body through a process called apoptosis.