Gq11coupled

Gq11coupled refers to a signaling pathway in cell biology that involves G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) and the G protein subunit Gα11. GPCRs are a large family of transmembrane receptors that play crucial roles in various cellular processes, including sensory perception, neurotransmission, and immune responses. When an extracellular ligand binds to a GPCR, it triggers a conformational change in the receptor, which in turn activates a heterotrimeric G protein.

The activated G protein then dissociates into its subunits, with the Gα subunit binding to an effector protein and initiating a downstream signaling cascade. In the case of Gq11coupled pathways, the Gα subunit involved is Gα11. Gα11 is a member of the Gαq subfamily of G proteins. This subfamily is known for activating phospholipase C-beta (PLCβ). PLCβ then hydrolyzes phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) into two second messengers: inositol trisphosphate (IP3) and diacylglycerol (DAG).

IP3 diffuses into the cytoplasm and binds to receptors on the endoplasmic reticulum, leading to the release of calcium ions (Ca2+) into the cytosol. The increase in intracellular calcium, along with DAG, activates protein kinase C (PKC). PKC then phosphorylates various target proteins, modulating their activity and ultimately influencing cellular responses such as gene expression, cell growth, and cell differentiation. Gq11coupled pathways are implicated in a wide range of physiological functions and are targets for numerous therapeutic drugs.