Golgisüsteemis

Golgisüsteemis, also known as the Golgi apparatus or Golgi complex, is a crucial organelle found in eukaryotic cells. It functions as a cellular post office, receiving, modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins and lipids for secretion or delivery to other organelles.

The Golgi apparatus typically consists of a stack of flattened, membrane-bound sacs called cisternae. These cisternae are arranged in a polarity, with a cis face that receives vesicles from the endoplasmic reticulum and a trans face that buds off vesicles destined for various cellular locations or the exterior.

Within the Golgi, proteins and lipids undergo further processing, such as glycosylation (the addition of sugar molecules) and cleavage. These modifications are essential for the proper function and targeting of the molecules. For example, proteins destined for secretion are processed and packaged into secretory vesicles that fuse with the plasma membrane to release their contents outside the cell.

The Golgi also plays a role in the synthesis of certain polysaccharides, particularly in plant cells where it is involved in the formation of the cell wall. Dysfunctional Golgi apparatus can lead to various cellular defects and diseases, highlighting its importance in maintaining cellular health and function.