Golgiapparátusba

The Golgiapparátusba, also known as the Golgi apparatus or Golgi complex, is an organelle found in eukaryotic cells. It is composed of flattened, membrane-bound sacs called cisternae. The Golgi apparatus receives proteins and lipids from the endoplasmic reticulum, modifies them, sorts them, and packages them into vesicles for transport to various destinations within or outside the cell.

This organelle plays a crucial role in protein processing and modification. Enzymes within the Golgi can add or remove sugar molecules (glycosylation), cleave polypeptide chains, or add phosphate groups to proteins. These modifications are essential for the proper folding, function, and targeting of proteins.

The Golgi apparatus is also involved in the synthesis of certain polysaccharides. In plant cells, it produces cell wall components. In animal cells, it contributes to the extracellular matrix.

The structure of the Golgi apparatus is polarized, with distinct cis and trans faces. The cis face, which is typically oriented towards the endoplasmic reticulum, receives vesicles containing newly synthesized proteins and lipids. These molecules then move through the cisternae, undergoing modifications. The trans face, oriented away from the endoplasmic reticulum, is where processed molecules are sorted and packaged into transport vesicles. These vesicles bud off from the trans face and deliver their contents to their final destinations, such as lysosomes, the plasma membrane, or secretion outside the cell.