Glenohumerales

Glenohumerales is the Latin plural adjective form of glenohumeralis and is used in anatomical terminology to describe structures related to the glenohumeral joint of the shoulder. In English terminology, the corresponding term is glenohumeral.

The glenohumeral joint is a ball-and-socket articulation between the head of the humerus and the glenoid cavity of the scapula. It enables extensive movement in multiple planes, including flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, rotation, and circumduction. Stability is provided by the combination of a shallow glenoid cavity, a fibrocartilaginous glenoid labrum that deepens the socket, a loose joint capsule, and a set of ligaments and muscles. The main ligaments are the glenohumeral ligaments—superior, middle, and inferior—that reinforce the anterior and inferior aspects of the capsule. The coracohumeral ligament and the coracoacromial arch contribute to superior stability and restraint of inferior displacement.

The rotator cuff muscles (supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, and subscapularis) surround the joint and provide dynamic stabilization, while the axillary and suprascapular nerves contribute to sensory and motor innervation of surrounding structures. Blood supply to the joint capsule and surrounding tissues comes from humeral circumflex and other branches.

Clinically, the glenohumeral articulation is prone to dislocations (most often anterior), rotator cuff injuries, labral tears, and adhesive capsulitis. Understanding glenohumerales aids in describing and diagnosing these conditions.