Gitrepó

Gitrepó (Git repository) is a storage entity for a project managed with Git that contains the full history, metadata, and the current contents of the project. It enables version tracking, collaboration, and history navigation. A repository can be local on a developer’s machine or hosted remotely.

A repository has three components: the working directory with files, the staging area (index), and the Git directory (.git) that stores the object database and refs. There are two main forms: non-bare repositories, which include a working directory, and bare repositories, which contain only the .git data and are used for sharing.

Git uses a content-addressable object database. Each commit records a snapshot of the project, with parents forming a history graph. The HEAD reference points to the current branch tip. Branches are movable pointers, while tags record specific points in history.

Typical workflow: clone, modify files in the working tree, stage changes with git add, commit with git commit, and synchronize with a remote via git push and git pull (or fetch). Branching and merging help parallel work.

Remote repositories are hosted on platforms such as GitHub, GitLab, or Bitbucket, and accessed via HTTP(S) or SSH. Collaboration uses pull requests, issues, and access controls. Regular commits and clear messages improve traceability.

Maintenance aspects include garbage collection, packing objects, and pruning unreachable data. Understanding the repository structure helps with troubleshooting, recovery, and performance.