Gesteentesedimenten

Gesteentesedimenten, also known as sedimentary rocks, are a major class of rocks formed from the accumulation and cementation of mineral or organic particles on the Earth's surface. These particles, called sediment, originate from the weathering and erosion of pre-existing rocks, or from the remains of organisms. Over geological time, layers of sediment are deposited, compacted by the weight of overlying material, and cemented together by minerals precipitating from groundwater. This process is called lithification.

The types of gesteentesedimenten are broadly categorized based on the origin of their constituent sediments. Clastic sedimentary rocks, such as sandstone, shale, and conglomerate, are formed from fragments of other rocks. Chemical sedimentary rocks, like rock salt and limestone, precipitate directly from solutions. Organic sedimentary rocks, such as coal and some limestones, are formed from the accumulation of organic matter.

These rocks are found in various environments, including riverbeds, ocean floors, and deserts. They often contain fossils, which provide valuable insights into past life and environments. The study of gesteentesedimenten, known as sedimentology, is crucial for understanding Earth's history, including past climates, tectonic activity, and the evolution of life. Their layered structure (stratification) also allows geologists to interpret sequences of events and estimate the age of geological formations.