Geotermísk

Geotermísk refers to heat originating from within the Earth. This internal heat is a result of residual heat from planetary formation and the radioactive decay of minerals in the Earth's mantle and crust. This thermal energy can be harnessed for various applications, most notably for generating electricity and for direct heating purposes.

Geothermal energy is a renewable resource because the Earth's internal heat is continuously produced. The temperature of the Earth increases with depth, a phenomenon known as the geothermal gradient. In certain areas, particularly along tectonic plate boundaries and volcanic regions, this heat is closer to the surface, making it more accessible for exploitation.

Geothermal power plants utilize this heat by tapping into underground reservoirs of hot water and steam. This hot fluid is brought to the surface and used to drive turbines connected to generators, producing electricity. Different types of geothermal power plants exist, including dry steam, flash steam, and binary cycle plants, each suited to different temperature and pressure conditions of the geothermal resource.

Beyond electricity generation, geothermal energy is used for direct heating. This can involve heating buildings, greenhouses, aquaculture, and even for industrial processes. Geothermal heat pumps are a common residential and commercial application, utilizing the stable temperature of the shallow earth to provide efficient heating and cooling. The sustainability and low environmental impact of geothermal energy make it an attractive alternative to fossil fuels.