Genotoxikus

Genotoxikus is a term used to describe substances or agents that can damage genetic material, specifically DNA. This damage can manifest in various ways, including mutations, chromosomal abnormalities, and DNA strand breaks. Agents that cause genotoxicity are referred to as genotoxins.

The mechanisms by which genotoxins exert their effects are diverse. Some genotoxins directly interact with DNA, forming adducts or causing breaks. Others may indirectly damage DNA by generating reactive oxygen species or interfering with DNA replication and repair processes. Exposure to genotoxins can occur through various routes, including inhalation, ingestion, and dermal contact.

Genotoxicity is a significant concern in toxicology and health risk assessment. Damage to DNA can lead to various adverse health outcomes, including cancer, heritable genetic defects, and developmental abnormalities. Therefore, identifying and evaluating the genotoxic potential of chemicals is crucial for ensuring public health and safety.

Regulatory agencies worldwide employ genotoxicity testing as part of the safety evaluation of chemicals, including pharmaceuticals, pesticides, and industrial compounds. These tests help determine whether a substance poses a risk to human health and the environment. While some genotoxic effects can be repaired by cellular mechanisms, significant or unrepaired damage can have serious long-term consequences. The study of genotoxicity is essential for understanding carcinogenesis and developing strategies for prevention and treatment of DNA-related diseases.