Genoterápia

Genoterápia is a therapeutic technique that involves modifying a person's genes to treat or cure diseases. It is a type of genetic engineering that aims to correct the underlying causes of genetic disorders by introducing, removing, or altering genetic material within a patient's cells.

The process typically involves delivering a functional gene into cells that are missing or have a defective gene. This can be achieved through various methods, including the use of viral vectors, which are modified viruses that can carry the therapeutic gene into target cells. Other delivery methods include non-viral vectors like liposomes or naked DNA.

Genoterápia holds promise for treating a wide range of conditions, including inherited diseases like cystic fibrosis and sickle cell anemia, as well as acquired diseases such as cancer and HIV. While still largely experimental, significant progress has been made in research and clinical trials. However, challenges remain, including ensuring the safety and efficacy of gene delivery, controlling gene expression, and addressing potential immune responses. Ethical considerations surrounding germline gene editing, which affects future generations, are also a subject of ongoing debate and regulation.