Gaumenbeine

Gaumenbeine, singular Gaumenbein, are paired irregular bones of the skull that form part of the palate, the nasal cavity, and the orbit. Each bone is roughly L-shaped and consists of a horizontal plate and a vertical plate. The horizontal plate contributes to the posterior part of the hard palate, where it meets the palatine processes of the maxilla to complete the palate. The vertical plate (lamina perpendicularis) forms part of the lateral wall of the nasal cavity and contributes to the posterior portion of the orbital floor.

The palatine bones contain several foramina crucial for neurovascular supply. The greater palatine foramen opens on the inferior aspect of the horizontal plate near its posterior edge and transmits the greater palatine nerve and vessels. More posteriorly, the lesser palatine foramina transmit the lesser palatine nerves and vessels.

Articulations and relationships: The palatine bones articulate anteriorly with the maxilla, superiorly with the sphenoid, medially with the vomer and the perpendicular plate of the ethmoid, and laterally with the inferior nasal concha. The two bones meet at the midline to form part of the posterior nasal aperture (palatine suture). The orbital plate (orbital surface) of the palatine bone contributes to the posterior part of the floor of the orbit.

Development and clinical notes: The palatine bones ossify intramembranously. Fractures involving the palate, such as in craniofacial trauma, can involve the Gaumenbeine along with adjacent palatal structures. The foramina accommodate nerves and vessels essential for sensation and blood supply to the palate.