Gammakibocsátéssel

Gammakibocsátés, often translated as gamma emission or gamma decay, is a type of radioactive decay in which an atomic nucleus with excess energy releases that energy in the form of gamma rays. Gamma rays are high-energy photons, a form of electromagnetic radiation. This process typically occurs after other types of radioactive decay, such as alpha or beta decay, have left the nucleus in an excited state.

When a nucleus undergoes alpha or beta decay, the resulting daughter nucleus may not be in its lowest energy state, or ground state. It can exist in an excited state, similar to how an electron in an atom can occupy higher energy levels. To return to its ground state, the nucleus must release this excess energy. It does so by emitting a gamma ray photon. The atomic number and mass number of the nucleus remain unchanged during gamma emission, as only energy is lost, not particles.

The energy of the emitted gamma ray is specific to the transition between the energy levels of the nucleus. This characteristic energy spectrum serves as a fingerprint, allowing for the identification of specific radioactive isotopes. Gamma emission is a common process in nuclear physics and has applications in various fields, including medical imaging (PET scans), industrial radiography, and scientific research. The penetrating power of gamma rays is significant, requiring dense materials like lead or concrete for effective shielding.