Galled

Galled refers to a condition where abnormal growths, known as galls, form on plants or animals. On plants, galls are typically caused by insects, mites, fungi, bacteria, or nematodes. These organisms inject chemicals or lay eggs that stimulate the plant's tissues to grow in an unusual way, forming a protective structure around the invader or its offspring. The appearance and size of galls vary greatly depending on the plant species and the causal agent. They can be round, elongated, spiky, or fuzzy and may appear on leaves, stems, roots, or flowers. While galls can sometimes cause minor damage by diverting nutrients or obstructing growth, they are often not fatal to the plant.

In animals, the term "galled" can also refer to the state of being worn down or irritated. This can be due to repeated friction, such as a horse developing galls on its back from a poorly fitted saddle, or a more general feeling of being exasperated or weary. For example, someone might say they are "galled" by a constant barrage of criticism. This secondary meaning draws a parallel to the physical irritation and damage seen in plant galls, emphasizing a state of being afflicted or worn. The context usually clarifies whether the biological or the metaphorical sense of "galled" is intended.