GP11

GP11 refers to the Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor. This receptor is a cell surface protein that plays a crucial role in the regulation of glucose homeostasis and appetite. It is primarily expressed in pancreatic beta cells, where it stimulates insulin secretion in response to elevated blood glucose levels. Additionally, GP11 is found in the brain, contributing to feelings of satiety and reducing food intake. The GLP-1 hormone naturally binds to this receptor to exert its effects.

The GP11 receptor is a G protein-coupled receptor, belonging to the secretin receptor family. Upon activation by GLP-1 or its analogs, it triggers a cascade of intracellular signaling events, including the activation of adenylyl cyclase and the subsequent increase in cyclic AMP (cAMP) levels. This signaling pathway ultimately leads to enhanced insulin synthesis and secretion. In the central nervous system, GLP-1 binding to GP11 receptors in areas like the hypothalamus influences neurotransmitter release, promoting a feeling of fullness.

Due to its significant role in glucose control and appetite regulation, the GP11 receptor is a key target for the development of therapeutic agents for type 2 diabetes and obesity. Drugs known as GLP-1 receptor agonists mimic the action of the natural GLP-1 hormone by binding to and activating GP11, thereby improving glycemic control and promoting weight loss. Research continues to explore the full therapeutic potential of targeting the GP11 receptor.