Fényszórást

Fényszórást, also known as fluorescence, is a physical and chemical phenomenon where a substance absorbs light at a specific wavelength and re-emits it at a longer wavelength. This process involves the absorption of photons by electrons in the substance, which then transition to a higher energy state. After a brief period, the electrons return to their original state, releasing excess energy in the form of photons with longer wavelengths, which we perceive as visible light.

Fluorescence is commonly observed in everyday life. For example, certain minerals and gemstones exhibit fluorescence when exposed to ultraviolet light. In biological systems, fluorescent proteins are used in various applications, including microscopy and medical imaging. In chemistry, fluorescent dyes are employed for detecting and quantifying specific molecules.

The efficiency of fluorescence is typically measured by the quantum yield, which is the ratio of the number of photons emitted to the number of photons absorbed. Factors affecting fluorescence include the chemical structure of the substance, the environment in which it is found, and the wavelength of the absorbed light.

Fluorescence has numerous practical applications. It is used in forensic science for detecting trace evidence, in environmental monitoring for detecting pollutants, and in medical diagnostics for identifying diseases. Additionally, fluorescent materials are used in various technologies, such as LEDs and solar cells, to enhance their efficiency and performance.