Fázisváltásnál

Fázisváltásnál is a Hungarian term that translates to "at phase transition" in English. It refers to the point or phenomenon where a substance changes from one physical state to another, such as from solid to liquid (melting) or liquid to gas (boiling). These transitions are typically accompanied by a change in energy and can occur at specific temperatures and pressures.

During a phase transition, the substance absorbs or releases latent heat, which is the energy required to change its state without altering its temperature. For instance, when ice melts into water at 0 degrees Celsius, it absorbs latent heat of fusion. Similarly, when water boils into steam at 100 degrees Celsius, it absorbs latent heat of vaporization. The reverse processes, such as freezing and condensation, release this latent heat.

The conditions under which a phase transition occurs are critical. For water, melting and freezing happen at 0 degrees Celsius (32 degrees Fahrenheit) at standard atmospheric pressure, while boiling and condensation occur at 100 degrees Celsius (212 degrees Fahrenheit). Changes in pressure can alter these transition temperatures. For example, increasing pressure raises the boiling point of water.

Phase transitions are fundamental concepts in thermodynamics and materials science. They are observed not only in common substances like water but also in various materials, including metals, alloys, and even in more complex systems. Understanding phase transitions is crucial for many industrial processes, such as metallurgy, chemical engineering, and materials processing. The study of these transitions helps in predicting material behavior under different conditions and in designing new materials with desired properties.