Fázismegrzést

Fázismegrzést is a Hungarian term that translates to "phase transition" in English. It refers to a physical process where a substance changes from one state of matter to another. Common examples include melting, freezing, boiling, condensation, sublimation, and deposition. These transitions occur at specific temperatures and pressures, which are characteristic properties of each substance.

During a phase transition, the internal energy of the substance changes, even if its temperature remains constant. For instance, when ice melts into water at 0 degrees Celsius, energy is absorbed to break the bonds holding the water molecules in a solid structure. This absorbed energy is known as latent heat. Conversely, when water freezes into ice at 0 degrees Celsius, energy is released.

Phase transitions are fundamental phenomena in physics and chemistry, playing a crucial role in various natural processes like the water cycle and weather patterns. They are also essential in many industrial applications, such as refrigeration, power generation, and material processing. Understanding phase transitions helps in predicting and controlling the behavior of matter under different conditions. The specific temperatures and pressures at which these transitions occur are often represented graphically in phase diagrams, which illustrate the stable states of a substance as a function of temperature and pressure.