Fresszellen

Fresszellen, also known as phagocytes, are a type of white blood cell crucial to the immune system. Their primary function is to engulf and digest foreign particles, cellular debris, and pathogens like bacteria and viruses. The term "Fresszelle" literally translates from German to "eating cell," aptly describing their role.

There are several types of Fresszellen, with the most prominent being macrophages and neutrophils. Neutrophils are typically the first responders to infection, migrating to the site of injury or inflammation and phagocytosing (engulfing) invading microorganisms. Macrophages are larger and longer-lived, playing a role not only in clearing pathogens but also in removing dead cells and initiating the inflammatory response. They also present antigens, which are fragments of the engulfed material, to other immune cells, thus helping to coordinate a more targeted immune attack.

The process of phagocytosis involves the Fresszelle extending its cell membrane to surround the target particle. This forms a vesicle within the cell called a phagosome. The phagosome then fuses with lysosomes, which are organelles containing digestive enzymes. These enzymes break down the engulfed material, rendering it harmless. Fresszellen are essential for maintaining tissue health and defending the body against a wide range of threats.