Fotokorroosio

Fotokorroosio, also known as photodegradation or photodeterioration, is the physical and chemical breakdown of materials when exposed to light, particularly ultraviolet (UV) radiation. This process is a form of weathering that affects a wide range of substances, including plastics, textiles, paints, and organic matter.

The mechanism of fotokorroosio involves the absorption of light energy by molecules within the material. This absorbed energy can excite electrons, leading to the formation of reactive intermediates such as free radicals. These highly reactive species can then initiate a cascade of chemical reactions, breaking down polymer chains, altering chemical bonds, and causing changes in the material's color, strength, and overall integrity.

Factors influencing the rate of fotokorroosio include the intensity and wavelength of the light source, the duration of exposure, the chemical composition of the material, and environmental conditions like temperature and humidity. For instance, materials with chromophores (light-absorbing groups) are more susceptible to photodegradation. Additives such as UV stabilizers and antioxidants can be incorporated into materials to mitigate the effects of fotokorroosio.

The consequences of fotokorroosio can range from aesthetic issues like fading and discoloration to severe structural damage, leading to reduced product lifespan and performance. Understanding and controlling fotokorroosio is crucial in industries such as manufacturing, construction, and art conservation to ensure the durability and longevity of materials and artifacts.