Fotokatalízist

Fotokatalízist is a process where a substance, known as a fotokatalizátor, absorbs light energy and uses it to drive a chemical reaction. This reaction typically involves the decomposition of organic pollutants or the synthesis of new chemical compounds. The fotokatalizátor itself is not consumed in the process; it acts as a catalyst, facilitating the reaction without being permanently altered.

Commonly used fotokatalizátory include titanium dioxide (TiO2). When exposed to ultraviolet (UV) light, TiO2 becomes highly reactive. It generates electron-hole pairs, which then react with water and oxygen to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as hydroxyl radicals (•OH) and superoxide radicals (O2•−). These ROS are powerful oxidizing agents that can break down a wide range of organic molecules into simpler, less harmful substances like carbon dioxide and water.

Fotokatalízist has found applications in various fields. In environmental remediation, it is used for air and water purification, effectively removing pollutants like volatile organic compounds (VOCs), nitrogen oxides (NOx), and dyes. It is also explored for self-cleaning surfaces, as the photocatalytic action can break down dirt and grime. Furthermore, fotokatalízist plays a role in renewable energy technologies, particularly in hydrogen production through the splitting of water molecules using solar energy. Research continues to expand its potential uses in areas like organic synthesis and antimicrobial treatments.