Fosfoorilaatio

Fosfoorilaatio is a chemical reaction in which a phosphate group (PO4^3-) is added to a molecule, typically an organic compound. This process is crucial in various biological and biochemical pathways. In biological systems, fosfoorilaatio is often catalyzed by enzymes known as kinases. The addition of a phosphate group can alter the structure and function of the molecule, activating or deactivating it. For example, in signal transduction pathways, fosfoorilaatio of proteins can transmit signals across the cell, regulating cellular processes such as metabolism, growth, and differentiation. In metabolism, fosfoorilaatio is a key step in the breakdown of sugars, fats, and amino acids, providing energy for cellular activities. The reverse reaction, where a phosphate group is removed, is called defosfoorilaatio and is also catalyzed by specific enzymes called phosphatases. Fosfoorilaatio plays a vital role in maintaining cellular homeostasis and is essential for the proper functioning of living organisms.