Fornafninu

Fornafninu is a term used in Icelandic grammar to refer to the pronoun, the word class that substitutes for a noun or noun phrase. In Icelandic, fornafnið (pronoun) includes several subtypes that fulfil different functions in a sentence, such as referring to people, things, or ideas without repeating a noun.

The main categories of pronouns include personal pronouns (eg, þú, hann, hún, það), possessive forms (minn, þinn, hans, hennar), demonstratives (þessi, sá, hinn), interrogatives (hver, hvað, hvaða), and relative pronouns (sem). There are also reflexive pronouns (sjálfur) and other forms that encode grammatical information such as person, number, and case. Pronouns can function as subjects, objects, or complements, and they often appear with or without explicit nouns depending on context.

Morphology and syntax of pronouns in Icelandic are influenced by person (first, second, third), number (singular, plural), and grammatical case (nominative, accusative, dative, genitive). Many pronouns exhibit distinct clitic or stressed forms and may change shape to align with their syntactic role or emphasis in a sentence. Icelandic pronouns also interact with gender and definiteness in certain constructions, and some forms may merge with or replace nouns in discourse.

In grammar references, fornafnið is discussed as a core word class, with its own paradigms and usage rules. Examples illustrate how pronouns replace nouns in common sentences, such as and when referring to subjects, objects, or possession. See also Icelandic grammar and pronouns for related topics and forms.