Fluoromethane

Fluoromethane, also called monofluoromethane, is an organofluorine compound with the chemical formula CH3F. It is the fluorinated derivative of methane, in which one hydrogen atom is replaced by fluorine. The molecule is tetrahedral at carbon and exhibits a polar C–F bond, giving it properties distinct from methane.

Physical properties: Fluoromethane is a colorless gas at room temperature and pressure. It has a relatively low boiling point and is typically handled as a compressed gas. It has limited water solubility and is more soluble in many organic solvents. In reactions, it can act as a reactive building block for the synthesis of more complex fluorinated compounds.

Production and handling: Industrially, fluoromethane is produced by fluorination of methane or chloromethane derivatives using fluorinating agents and catalysts under controlled conditions. It is stored and transported in gas cylinders and requires appropriate safety measures due to toxicity and inhalation hazards.

Applications: It serves as an intermediate in the preparation of fluorinated organic compounds, including pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals, and as a precursor to more highly fluorinated molecules used in research and industry. In the laboratory, it is used as a source of monofluoromethyl groups in certain synthetic protocols.

Safety and environmental notes: Fluoromethane is hazardous; exposure can irritate the eyes, nose, and lungs and may depress the central nervous system at higher doses. It should be used only in well-ventilated facilities with proper gas-monitoring and protective equipment. Like many fluorinated organics, emissions are regulated due to environmental impact, and leak prevention is important.