Fluorbenzol

Fluorobenzene, also known as fluorbenzol in some languages, is an organofluorine compound with the formula C6H5F. It is a colorless, flammable liquid with a sharp, characteristic odor. It is sparingly soluble in water and miscible with many organic solvents. As a single-fluorinated derivative of benzene, it is widely used as a building block in organic synthesis.

Production and properties: Fluorobenzene is produced industrially mainly by halogen exchange from chlorobenzene using fluorinating agents such as hydrogen fluoride or related fluorine sources; direct gas-phase fluorination of benzene is also employed in some settings. The carbon–fluorine bond is strong, and the ring is deactivated toward electrophilic substitution relative to benzene. Fluorobenzene behaves as a relatively inert arene toward many reactions, though the fluorine substituent directs electrophilic substitution to the ortho and para positions under typical conditions.

Applications: As a reactive intermediate, fluorobenzene serves in the synthesis of fluorinated aromatic compounds used in pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, dyes, and specialty materials. It is also employed as a solvent or reaction medium in certain synthetic protocols, particularly where a nonpolar, relatively inert aromatic solvent is advantageous.

Safety and handling: Fluorobenzene is toxic and poses inhalation and dermal hazards. It is flammable and should be handled with appropriate ventilation, storage, and personal protective equipment. Spills should be contained, and disposal must follow applicable regulations for hazardous organic chemicals.