FermiDiracstatistiek
Fermi-Dirac statistics describe the statistical distribution of indistinguishable fermions across quantum states in systems where particle exchange and number fluctuations obey the Pauli exclusion principle. The average occupation number of a single-particle state with energy ε is given by the Fermi-Dirac distribution f(ε) = 1 / [exp((ε − μ)/(kB T)) + 1], where μ is the chemical potential and kB is the Boltzmann constant. For fermions, each quantum state can be occupied by at most one particle per spin state, with two spins (up and down) per spatial orbital when considering degeneracy.
At zero temperature, f(ε) becomes a step function: f(ε) = 1 for ε < μ = EF and f(ε) = 0 for
Fermi-Dirac statistics are central to many areas of physics. They underpin the behavior of electrons in metals