Faseomdannelser

Faseomdannelser, also known as phase transitions, refer to the physical processes where a substance changes from one state of matter to another. These changes typically occur at specific temperatures and pressures. The most common phase transitions involve solid, liquid, and gas states.

Melting, or fusion, is the transition from a solid to a liquid, occurring when the substance absorbs enough energy to overcome the intermolecular forces holding its particles in a fixed structure. Freezing, or solidification, is the reverse process, where a liquid turns into a solid upon losing energy.

Boiling, or vaporization, is the transition from a liquid to a gas, happening when the liquid absorbs enough heat to allow its particles to escape into the gaseous phase. Condensation is the opposite, where a gas changes into a liquid as it cools and its particles lose energy.

Sublimation is a less common phase transition where a solid directly transforms into a gas without passing through the liquid state. Dry ice (solid carbon dioxide) is a familiar example of a substance that readily sublimes. Deposition is the reverse of sublimation, where a gas directly forms a solid.

These phase transitions are governed by thermodynamic principles, particularly the concept of equilibrium. At the transition temperature and pressure, both phases can coexist. The energy absorbed or released during a phase transition at constant temperature is known as latent heat. Understanding phase transitions is crucial in various scientific and engineering disciplines, from meteorology to materials science.