Failihaldussüsteemi

Failihaldussüsteem (FHS) is a standard for the placement of files and directories in Unix-like operating systems. It was created to improve the consistency and interoperability of software across different Linux distributions and other Unix-like systems. The FHS defines a hierarchy of directories and their intended uses, ensuring that files are stored in predictable locations. This standardization helps system administrators and developers manage and locate files more efficiently.

The FHS specifies a root filesystem that contains essential directories and files required for system operation. These include /bin for essential command binaries, /sbin for system binaries, /etc for configuration files, /lib for essential shared libraries, /var for variable data files, and /tmp for temporary files. The /usr directory is reserved for user utilities and applications, further divided into /usr/bin for non-essential command binaries, /usr/sbin for non-essential system binaries, /usr/lib for libraries, and /usr/share for architecture-independent data.

The FHS also defines directories for local data, such as /home for user home directories and /root for the root user's home directory. Additionally, it includes directories for bootloader files (/boot), device files (/dev), and mount points (/mnt and /media). The /proc and /sys directories are used for kernel and system information, respectively.

By adhering to the FHS, developers can create software that is compatible with a wide range of systems, and system administrators can manage files and directories with greater ease. The FHS is maintained by the Linux Foundation and is widely adopted by major Linux distributions and other Unix-like operating systems.