Facoltà

Facoltà is an Italian term that can refer to two related concepts: a unit within a university and the general sense of capacity or ability. In higher education, a facoltà (plural facoltà) is a major organizational division of a university, usually focused on a broad disciplinary area such as arts, sciences, medicine, or law. Each facoltà is typically responsible for organizing teaching and curricula within its field, employing professors, and granting degrees. The head of a facoltà is the preside (dean), and governance is conducted through the faculty council (Consiglio della Facoltà).

In the Italian university system, the term has historically indicated substantial, self-governing academic bodies. Through reforms in the late 20th century, many universities restructured teaching and research by creating dipartimenti (departments) and interdepartmental programs, sometimes reducing the internal autonomy of facoltà. Nevertheless, many universities still maintain facoltà as recognizable administrative entities, naming their major divisions as Facoltà di Medicina e Chirurgia, Facoltà di Lettere e Filosofia, Facoltà di Ingegneria, and so on, each with its own leadership and budget lines.

Beyond academia, facoltà also denotes natural or mental faculties—the powers of the mind or a person’s abilities. The term thus covers both institutional divisions within universities and the broader idea of capability.