FRBRperiaatteita

FRBRperiaatteita, or FRBR principles, refers to the conceptual model developed by the International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions (IFLA) to address the increasingly complex nature of bibliographic data. FRBR stands for Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records. The core idea is to group bibliographic records based on the relationships between different intellectual creations and their physical manifestations.

FRBR organizes works into four levels: the Work, the Expression, the Manifestation, and the Item. A Work is the abstract intellectual or artistic creation. An Expression is a specific intellectual realization of a Work, such as a translation or a musical arrangement. A Manifestation represents the physical or digital form in which an Expression is made available, like a specific edition of a book or a particular digital file. An Item is a single physical object embodying a Manifestation, such as a specific copy of a book owned by a library.

This hierarchical structure allows users to see different versions of the same work more easily. For example, a library catalog based on FRBR principles would show a single Work entry for Shakespeare's Hamlet, and then group under it different Expressions (the original play, various translations) and under each Expression, different Manifestations (different editions of the translated play, different audiobook versions). This aims to improve discoverability and user satisfaction by providing a clearer overview of the relationships between different forms of the same content. FRBR principles have influenced the design of modern library catalogs and metadata standards.