Fázisábrák

Fázisábrák, also known as phase diagrams, are graphical representations used in materials science, chemistry, and physics to illustrate the stable phases of a substance or mixture under varying conditions, typically temperature and pressure. They are essential tools for understanding phase transitions, such as melting, boiling, and sublimation.

A simple phase diagram for a pure substance typically plots pressure on the y-axis and temperature on the x-axis. Different regions on the diagram represent the conditions under which a substance exists as a solid, liquid, or gas. Lines separating these regions are called phase boundaries, and they indicate the conditions where two phases can coexist in equilibrium. The point where all three phase boundaries meet is known as the triple point, representing the unique temperature and pressure at which solid, liquid, and gas phases are all stable.

For mixtures, phase diagrams can be more complex, often including composition as an additional variable. These diagrams help predict how changes in temperature or composition will affect the phases present. For example, in binary alloy systems, phase diagrams can show the formation of solid solutions, intermetallic compounds, or eutectics, which are mixtures that melt or solidify at a single temperature. Understanding these diagrams is crucial for designing and processing materials for various applications, from metallurgy to food science.