Ethylbenzene

Ethylbenzene is an organic compound with the formula C8H10. It is one of the alkylbenzenes, consisting of a benzene ring bearing an ethyl substituent. It is a colorless, flammable liquid with a characteristic aromatic odor and is a common industrial chemical.

Occurrence and production: Ethylbenzene occurs in small amounts in crude oil and coal tar. Industry produces it primarily by the alkylation of benzene with ethene (ethylene), using solid acid catalysts such as zeolites or traditional liquid acid catalysts. The principal use of ethylbenzene is as an intermediate in the production of styrene, which is obtained by catalytic dehydrogenation of ethylbenzene.

Properties: Ethylbenzene has a boiling point near 136 °C and a melting point well below room temperature. It is moderately soluble in water and highly soluble in organic solvents. It is lighter than water and forms part of the hydrocarbon fraction in many petroleum products. As a hydrocarbon, it is considered a volatile organic compound and contributes to atmospheric pollution when released.

Applications: The major application of ethylbenzene is as a feedstock for styrene production, a precursor to polystyrene and many copolymers. It is also used as a solvent in certain industrial processes, and to a lesser extent as an intermediate in chemical synthesis.

Safety and handling: Ethylbenzene is flammable and its vapors can form explosive mixtures with air. Inhalation or skin contact can irritate the eyes and respiratory tract and may affect the central nervous system. Prolonged exposure has been classified by some agencies as possibly carcinogenic to humans (IARC Group 2B). Proper ventilation, containment measures, and personal protective equipment are recommended to minimize risk. Environmental releases should be contained to prevent soil and water contamination.