EstoniaRussia

Estonia and Russia share a complex and often fraught historical relationship, largely shaped by Estonia's periods of occupation by Russia and the Soviet Union. Estonia gained independence from the Russian Empire in 1918, only to be reoccupied by the Soviet Union in 1940. Full independence was restored in 1991 following the collapse of the USSR. This history has significantly influenced modern bilateral relations.

Diplomatic relations between the two countries were re-established in 1991. However, tensions persist. Issues such as the treatment of the Russian-speaking minority in Estonia, border demarcation, and Estonia's membership in NATO and the European Union have been points of contention. Russia has often expressed concerns regarding the rights of ethnic Russians in Estonia, while Estonia views Russia's actions and rhetoric as a threat to its sovereignty and security.

The unresolved issues from their shared past continue to cast a shadow over present-day interactions. Despite ongoing dialogue, significant divergences remain on various geopolitical and historical matters.