Entsyymitestiin

Entsyymitestiin, often translated as enzyme immunoassay or EIA, is a laboratory technique used to detect the presence of a specific substance in a sample. This substance is typically an antigen, such as a protein or antibody, which is the target of the test. The principle behind the test relies on the specific binding between an antigen and an antibody.

The test usually involves a solid support, such as a microplate well or a membrane, which is coated with either an antibody or an antigen. The sample to be tested is then added. If the target substance is present, it will bind to the immobilized antibody or antigen. A second antibody, often conjugated to an enzyme, is then introduced. This second antibody is designed to bind to a different part of the target substance, or to the first antibody if a sandwich assay is used.

Following this incubation step, unbound materials are washed away. A substrate is then added, which reacts with the enzyme conjugated to the second antibody. This reaction produces a detectable signal, such as a color change, fluorescence, or luminescence. The intensity of the signal is proportional to the amount of the target substance present in the original sample. Entsyymitestiin is widely used in medical diagnostics, drug testing, food safety analysis, and scientific research due to its sensitivity and specificity.