Enterokokkien

Enterococcus is a genus of Gram-positive, catalase-negative, facultatively anaerobic bacteria. The genus includes several species, with Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium being the most common. Enterococcus species are part of the normal microbiota of the human gastrointestinal tract and are also found in the environment. They are known for their ability to produce enterocins, which are antimicrobial peptides that inhibit the growth of other bacteria.

Enterococcus species are opportunistic pathogens, meaning they typically cause infections in individuals with compromised immune systems, such as those with diabetes, cancer, or undergoing chemotherapy. Common infections include urinary tract infections, bacteremia, endocarditis, and surgical site infections. Enterococcus species are often resistant to multiple antibiotics, including penicillin and cephalosporins, making them a significant challenge in clinical settings.

Diagnosis of Enterococcus infections typically involves culture of the organism from clinical specimens, such as blood, urine, or wound swabs. Treatment options are limited due to the organism's antibiotic resistance, and often involve the use of vancomycin or linezolid. Prevention strategies focus on maintaining good hygiene, avoiding unnecessary antibiotic use, and promptly treating underlying conditions that compromise the immune system.