Enterocytákba

Enterocytákba refers to the plural form of enterocyte, which are specialized epithelial cells lining the interior surface of the small intestine. These cells are primarily responsible for absorbing nutrients from digested food. Enterocytes have a unique structure characterized by a brush border on their apical (luminal) surface, which is composed of microvilli. These microvilli significantly increase the surface area available for absorption, facilitating the efficient uptake of digested carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, minerals, and water.

The absorption process involves various transport mechanisms, including active transport, facilitated diffusion, and passive diffusion, depending on the specific nutrient. Enterocytes also play a role in the transport of some molecules directly into the lymphatic system, such as fats packaged as chylomicrons. Furthermore, these cells are involved in the secretion of certain substances, including digestive enzymes and mucus. The continuous renewal of enterocytes, with new cells being generated in the intestinal crypts and migrating towards the villi, ensures the ongoing integrity and function of the intestinal lining. Damage or dysfunction of enterocytes can lead to malabsorption syndromes, impacting nutrient status and overall health.