Endotelbarriär

Endotelbarriär refers to the specialized barrier formed by endothelial cells that line the inner surface of blood vessels. These cells are not simply passive tubes but actively regulate the passage of substances between the bloodstream and the surrounding tissues. The integrity of this barrier is crucial for maintaining homeostasis and preventing the entry of harmful molecules and pathogens into sensitive organs.

The structure of the endotelbarriär varies depending on its location and function. For instance, the blood-brain barrier, a highly specialized form of endotelbarriär, is exceptionally tight, allowing only essential nutrients to pass while preventing most circulating substances from entering the brain. This is achieved through tight junctions between endothelial cells and the presence of pericytes and astrocytes. In contrast, endotelbarriärer in other tissues, such as the liver or spleen, are more permeable, facilitating the exchange of larger molecules.

Disruptions to the endotelbarriär can have significant pathological consequences. Inflammation, infection, and various diseases can compromise its integrity, leading to increased permeability. This phenomenon, known as endothelial dysfunction, can contribute to conditions such as edema, atherosclerosis, and sepsis. Research into understanding and manipulating the endotelbarriär is ongoing, with potential therapeutic applications for a range of diseases.