Endosimbiótica

Endosimbiótica refers to a biological process where one organism lives inside another organism. This relationship, known as endosymbiosis, is a fundamental mechanism in the evolution of many life forms. It is particularly significant in the development of eukaryotic cells, which are cells that contain a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles. The theory of endosymbiosis, proposed by Lynn Margulis, suggests that certain organelles within eukaryotic cells, such as mitochondria and chloroplasts, originated as free-living prokaryotic organisms that were engulfed by a larger host cell. Instead of being digested, these engulfed cells established a symbiotic relationship with the host. Over time, they became integrated into the host cell, losing their independence and becoming essential components. Mitochondria, responsible for cellular respiration, are believed to have originated from aerobic bacteria, while chloroplasts, responsible for photosynthesis, are thought to have originated from cyanobacteria. This ancient event of endosymbiosis is a major reason why eukaryotic cells are so complex and capable of diverse metabolic functions. The inherited genetic material and cellular structures of these organelles provide strong evidence supporting this theory.