Endomikorrhizák

Endomikorrhizák, also known as arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), are a group of symbiotic fungi that form associations with the roots of most terrestrial plants. This mutualistic relationship is one of the most widespread and ancient on Earth, playing a crucial role in terrestrial ecosystems. The fungi establish a physical connection within the plant root cells, forming characteristic branched structures called arbuscules, where nutrient exchange occurs.

In this symbiosis, the plant provides the fungus with carbohydrates produced during photosynthesis. In return, the endomycorrhizal fungi significantly enhance the plant's ability to absorb essential nutrients, particularly phosphorus, nitrogen, and micronutrients, from the soil. The fungal hyphae extend far into the soil, effectively increasing the surface area available for nutrient uptake beyond the reach of plant roots alone. This improved nutrient status can lead to enhanced plant growth, increased stress tolerance, and better survival rates.

Endomycorrhizae are vital for soil health. The fungal hyphae contribute to soil aggregation, improving soil structure, water retention, and aeration. They also help to protect plants from pathogens and can influence plant community composition. Due to their widespread presence and beneficial effects, endomycorrhizal fungi are increasingly recognized for their importance in sustainable agriculture and ecological restoration. Their ability to improve plant nutrition and soil quality makes them valuable allies in challenging environmental conditions.