Elongase

Elongase is an enzyme that plays a crucial role in the synthesis of very-long-chain fatty acids (VLCFAs), which are essential for various biological processes. These enzymes are classified into two main types: elongase-1 (ELOVL1) and elongase-2 (ELOVL2), both of which are involved in the elongation of fatty acids by two carbon units at a time. Elongase-1 is primarily responsible for the initial elongation of fatty acids, while elongase-2 continues the process, allowing for the synthesis of fatty acids with up to 26 carbon atoms. The activity of elongase is regulated by several factors, including the availability of substrates, cofactors, and the presence of other enzymes in the pathway. Elongase is found in various organisms, including plants, animals, and microorganisms, and its function is vital for the production of lipids, which are fundamental components of cell membranes and play roles in energy storage and signaling. Mutations in elongase genes have been linked to several diseases, highlighting the importance of this enzyme in maintaining normal physiological functions.