Elektrolüüsiseadmesid

Elektrolüüsiseadmeid is the Estonian term for electrolysis equipment. This equipment is used to perform electrolysis, a process that uses electricity to drive an otherwise non-spontaneous chemical reaction. At its core, an electrolysis apparatus consists of an electrolyte, which is a substance containing free ions, and two electrodes connected to a DC power source. The electrolyte is typically a molten salt or an aqueous solution.

When an electric current is passed through the electrolyte, positive ions (cations) move towards the negative electrode (cathode) and negative ions (anions) move towards the positive electrode (anode). At the electrodes, chemical reactions occur. Reduction takes place at the cathode, where electrons are gained by the cations, and oxidation occurs at the anode, where electrons are lost by the anions. These reactions result in the decomposition of the electrolyte or the deposition of a substance onto one of the electrodes.

Common applications of electrolysis equipment include the production of chemical elements like aluminum, chlorine, and sodium hydroxide, as well as electroplating, water splitting to produce hydrogen and oxygen, and wastewater treatment. The design of electrolysis equipment varies greatly depending on the specific application, ranging from simple laboratory setups to large industrial cells. Key components include the electrodes, the electrolytic cell or container, and the power supply. The materials used for the electrodes and the cell are chosen based on their compatibility with the electrolyte and the reaction conditions to ensure efficiency and longevity.