Elektroimpedans

Elektroimpedans is a technique used to measure the opposition to alternating electric current in a material or biological tissue. This opposition is known as impedance, and it is a complex quantity that includes both resistance and reactance. Resistance is the part of the opposition that dissipates energy as heat, while reactance is the part that stores and releases energy in electric or magnetic fields.

The principle behind elektroimpedans is to apply a small alternating current of a specific frequency to the object being measured and then record the resulting voltage. By comparing the voltage to the current, the impedance can be calculated. Different tissues and materials have different electrical properties, meaning they will exhibit varying degrees of impedance at different frequencies. This variation allows for the differentiation and analysis of these substances.

This technique is widely applied in various fields. In medicine, it is used for body composition analysis, determining fat and muscle mass, and in some diagnostic tools for assessing tissue health. In materials science, elektroimpedans spectroscopy can be employed to study the properties of conductive polymers, semiconductors, and electrochemical systems. Environmental monitoring also uses this method to assess soil properties or detect contaminants. The frequency dependence of impedance is crucial, as it provides more detailed information about the underlying electrical processes within the material.