Elektrodiagnostické

Elektrodiagnostické refers to methods used to assess the function of the nervous system and muscles through the recording and analysis of electrical activity. These techniques are crucial in diagnosing a variety of neurological and neuromuscular disorders.

One of the most common electrodiagnostic tests is electromyography (EMG). EMG measures the electrical activity produced by skeletal muscles. This is done by inserting a fine needle electrode into the muscle, which records the electrical signals generated when the muscle contracts and relaxes. Abnormal electrical activity can indicate muscle damage, nerve compression, or diseases affecting the muscles themselves.

Nerve conduction studies (NCS) are often performed in conjunction with EMG. NCS assesses the speed and strength of electrical signals traveling along peripheral nerves. Small electrodes are placed on the skin, and a mild electrical impulse is delivered to a nerve at one point. Another electrode records the response at a different point along the nerve. The time it takes for the signal to travel and the amplitude of the recorded signal provide information about nerve health. Slowed conduction velocities or reduced amplitudes can point to nerve damage, such as in carpal tunnel syndrome or peripheral neuropathy.

Another electrodiagnostic technique is the electroencephalogram (EEG), which records the electrical activity of the brain. Electrodes are placed on the scalp to detect and amplify the brain's electrical signals. EEG is used to diagnose conditions like epilepsy, sleep disorders, and brain injuries.

Evoked potentials are a type of electrodiagnostic test that measures the electrical activity in the brain or spinal cord in response to specific sensory stimuli, such as visual, auditory, or somatosensory stimuli. These tests help assess the integrity of sensory pathways and are useful in diagnosing conditions like multiple sclerosis. Electrodiagnostic procedures provide objective measures that aid clinicians in pinpointing the location and severity of neurological or neuromuscular problems.