Electroreduction

Electroreduction is a chemical process where a substance gains electrons, leading to a decrease in its oxidation state. This is typically achieved by passing an electric current through an electrochemical cell containing the substance. The substance undergoing electroreduction acts as the cathode in the electrochemical cell. At the cathode, electrons are supplied from the external circuit, which are then transferred to the reducible species. This electron transfer causes the reduction to occur.

Electroreduction is the opposite of electrooxidation, where a substance loses electrons. Both processes are fundamental to electrochemistry and are utilized in a wide range of applications. For example, electroreduction is employed in the production of various metals from their ores, such as aluminum and copper. It also plays a role in the synthesis of organic compounds, the purification of chemicals, and in rechargeable batteries where it is a key part of the charging process. The efficiency and selectivity of electroreduction can be controlled by factors such as the applied potential, the electrode material, and the composition of the electrolyte solution.